#1666. [USACO2011 Feb] Cow Line
[USACO2011 Feb] Cow Line
Description
The N (1 <= N <= 20) cows conveniently numbered 1...N are playing yet another one of their crazy games with Farmer John. The cows will arrange themselves in a line and ask Farmer John what their line number is. In return, Farmer John can give them a line number and the cows must rearrange themselves into that line. A line number is assigned by numbering all the permutations of the line in lexicographic order.
Consider this example: Farmer John has 5 cows and gives them the line number of 3. The permutations of the line in ascending lexicographic order: 1st: 1 2 3 4 5 2nd: 1 2 3 5 4 3rd: 1 2 4 3 5 Therefore, the cows will line themselves in the cow line 1 2 4 3 5.
The cows, in return, line themselves in the configuration "1 2 5 3 4" and ask Farmer John what their line number is.
Continuing with the list: 4th : 1 2 4 5 3 5th : 1 2 5 3 4 Farmer John can see the answer here is 5
Farmer John and the cows would like your help to play their game. They have K (1 <= K <= 10,000) queries that they need help with. Query i has two parts: C_i will be the command, which is either 'P' or 'Q'.
If C_i is 'P', then the second part of the query will be one integer A_i (1 <= A_i <= N!), which is a line number. This is Farmer John challenging the cows to line up in the correct cow line.
If C_i is 'Q', then the second part of the query will be N distinct integers B_ij (1 <= B_ij <= N). This will denote a cow line. These are the cows challenging Farmer John to find their line number.
有N头牛,分别用1……N表示,排成一行。 将N头牛,所有可能的排列方式,按字典顺序从小到大排列起来。 例如:有5头牛 1st: 1 2 3 4 5 2nd: 1 2 3 5 4 3rd: 1 2 4 3 5 4th : 1 2 4 5 3 5th : 1 2 5 3 4 …… 现在,已知N头牛的排列方式,求这种排列方式的行号。 或者已知行号,求牛的排列方式。 所谓行号,是指在N头牛所有可能排列方式,按字典顺序从大到小排列后,某一特定排列方式所在行的编号。 如果,行号是3,则排列方式为1 2 4 3 5 如果,排列方式是 1 2 5 3 4 则行号为5
有K次问答,第i次问答的类型,由C_i来指明,C_i要么是‘P’要么是‘Q’。 当C_i为P时,将提供行号,让你答牛的排列方式。当C_i为Q时,将告诉你牛的排列方式,让你答行号。
Format
Input
- Line 1: Two space-separated integers: N and K
- Lines 2..2K+1: Line 2i and 2i+1 will contain a single query. Line 2i will contain just one character: 'Q' if the cows are lining up and asking Farmer John for their line number or 'P' if Farmer John gives the cows a line number.
If the line 2i is 'Q', then line 2i+1 will contain N space-separated integers B_ij which represent the cow line. If the line 2i is 'P', then line 2i+1 will contain a single integer A_i which is the line number to solve for.
第1行:N和K 第2至2K+1行:Line2i ,一个字符‘P’或‘Q’,指明类型。 如果Line2i是P,则Line2i+1,是一个整数,表示行号; 如果Line2*i+1 是Q ,则Line2+i,是N个空格隔开的整数,表示牛的排列方式。
Output
- Lines 1..K: Line i will contain the answer to query i.
If line 2i of the input was 'Q', then this line will contain a single integer, which is the line number of the cow line in line 2i+1.
If line 2i of the input was 'P', then this line will contain N space separated integers giving the cow line of the number in line 2i+1. 第1至K行:如果输入Line2i 是P,则输出牛的排列方式;如果输入Line2i是Q,则输出行号
Samples
5 2
P
3
Q
1 2 5 3 4
1 2 4 3 5
5